Peptides self-assemble through a combination of molecular interactions. Key factors influencing this process include the sequence of amino acids, the concentration of the peptides, and environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. By carefully designing the peptide sequence, researchers can dictate the type of nanostructure that will form. For example, peptides with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues often form beta-sheets, while amphiphilic peptides may form micelles or vesicles.
