Like conventional batteries, nanostructured batteries consist of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The primary difference lies in the materials used and their structural dimensions at the nanoscale. Nanostructured materials have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates faster ion exchange and electron transport. This leads to improved charge/discharge rates and increased energy storage capacity. For example, lithium-ion batteries with silicon nanowire anodes can store more lithium ions compared to traditional graphite anodes, resulting in higher energy density.
