Nanoscale diagnostics often involve the use of nanoparticles, quantum dots, and nanowires that can bind to specific biomarkers. For instance, gold nanoparticles can be functionalized with antibodies to detect proteins associated with diseases. When these nanoparticles bind to the target molecules, they can produce a detectable signal, such as a change in color, fluorescence, or electrical conductivity, enabling the identification of diseases at an early stage.
