How Do Nanoparticles Trigger Complement Activation?
Nanoparticles can trigger complement activation through various pathways, including the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. The surface characteristics of nanoparticles, such as size, shape, charge, and surface modifications, play critical roles in determining their interaction with the complement system. Surface functionalization with specific ligands can either enhance or reduce complement activation, depending on the desired application.
