Cancer treatment has benefited significantly from nanotechnology. Nanoparticles can be engineered to specifically target cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, reducing side effects and improving treatment outcomes. Techniques such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy use nanoparticles to generate heat or reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light, selectively killing cancer cells. Additionally, nanoparticles can be loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs, enhancing their delivery and effectiveness.
