The formation of the EDL occurs when an aqueous electrolyte comes in contact with a conductive surface. The surface acquires a charge, either positive or negative, by attracting ions from the electrolyte. These ions form the first layer, known as the Stern layer. The second layer, known as the diffuse layer, consists of counter-ions that are loosely associated with the Stern layer. Together, these layers create a potential difference across the interface, which is essential for various electrochemical processes at the nanoscale.
