Nanoparticles can cross the BBB via several mechanisms:
Receptor-mediated transcytosis: Nanoparticles are functionalized with ligands that bind to receptors on the BBB, triggering endocytosis and transport across the barrier. Adsorptive-mediated transcytosis: Utilizes electrostatic interactions between positively charged nanoparticles and the negatively charged cell membrane to facilitate transport. Cell-penetrating peptides: These peptides can be attached to nanoparticles to enhance their ability to penetrate cell membranes and cross the BBB.
