The working principle of nanogenerators primarily revolves around the piezoelectric, triboelectric, and pyroelectric effects. These effects involve the generation of electrical charges in response to mechanical deformation, frictional contact, or temperature changes, respectively.
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators: Utilize materials like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires that produce electrical charges when subjected to mechanical strain. Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Generate electricity through the contact and separation between different materials, which leads to charge transfer. Pyroelectric Nanogenerators: Produce electrical charges in response to temperature fluctuations in pyroelectric materials.
