Leaks can occur through various pathways: - Manufacturing Process: During the synthesis and production of nanoparticles, accidental releases can happen due to equipment failure or human error. - Transportation: Improper packaging or handling during the transport of nanomaterials can lead to spills. - Application: When nanoparticles are used in products such as cosmetics, electronics, or medical devices, they may be released unintentionally into the environment. - Disposal: Inadequate disposal practices can lead to the release of nanomaterials into landfills or water bodies.