Several techniques are used to measure adhesion forces at the nanoscale:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM can measure the forces between a probe and a surface with high precision, providing insights into the adhesion characteristics. Surface Force Apparatus (SFA): SFA measures the interaction forces between surfaces as a function of distance, offering detailed information about adhesion forces. Contact Angle Measurements: By measuring the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a surface, one can infer the adhesion properties related to surface energy.
