Several methods are used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles, including:
1. Sol-gel method: This involves the transition of a solution system from a liquid "sol" into a solid "gel" phase. 2. Hydrothermal synthesis: This method uses high-pressure and temperature conditions to grow ZnO nanoparticles from aqueous solutions. 3. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): In this process, ZnO is deposited on a substrate by a chemical reaction in the vapor phase. 4. Mechanical milling: This technique involves grinding bulk ZnO material into nanoparticles using mechanical force.
