How are Nanomaterials Modified for Biocompatibility?
Surface Coatings One of the most common techniques for making nanomaterials biocompatible is surface coating. Materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), proteins, and lipids are often used to coat the surface of nanoparticles, reducing their reactivity and preventing protein adsorption that can lead to immune responses.
Functionalization Functionalization involves adding specific functional groups to the surface of nanoparticles to enhance their compatibility and functionality. For instance, adding carboxyl or amine groups can improve the solubility and stability of nanoparticles in biological environments.
Biodegradability Making nanoparticles biodegradable is another strategy to improve biocompatibility. Materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) can be used to create nanoparticles that degrade into non-toxic byproducts over time, reducing the risk of accumulation in the body.
