How Are Nanomaterials Engineered for Cellular Applications?
Nanomaterials are engineered with specific surface properties to interact with cellular membranes or intracellular components. Functionalization with biomolecules like peptides, antibodies, or DNA enables these materials to target specific cellular pathways or receptors. The size, shape, and charge of nanomaterials are also carefully controlled to optimize their interaction with cells and ensure biocompatibility.
