Functional requirements are assessed through various characterization techniques:
Electron Microscopy: Techniques like TEM and SEM provide detailed images of nanomaterial morphology and size. Spectroscopy: Methods like UV-Vis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy help analyze the chemical composition and surface properties. X-ray Diffraction: XRD is used to determine the crystalline structure of nanomaterials. Zeta Potential Analysis: This technique assesses the surface charge and stability of nanoparticles in suspension.
