Measuring exposure levels to nanomaterials involves both direct and indirect methods. Direct methods include the use of specialized instruments to detect and quantify nanoparticles in various media, such as air, water, and biological samples. Indirect methods involve modeling and simulations to estimate exposure levels based on factors such as production volume, usage patterns, and environmental release. Techniques like electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering are often employed to characterize nanoparticles.
