Nanomaterials can enter the body through various routes. The primary routes of exposure include inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. Inhalation is considered the most significant route of exposure, especially in occupational settings where nanoparticles can become airborne. Dermal contact is another potential route, particularly in industries where workers handle nanomaterials directly. Ingestion is less common but can occur if nanoparticles contaminate food or water supplies.
