Pathway analysis is essential for several reasons: 1. Safety and Toxicology: Understanding how nanoparticles interact with biological systems helps in assessing their toxicity and ensuring they are safe for human use. 2. Efficiency: Identifying the pathways can help optimize the delivery and effectiveness of nanomaterials in applications such as drug delivery and cancer therapy. 3. Environmental Impact: Studying the environmental pathways of nanomaterials helps in assessing their potential impact on ecosystems.