Characterisation is essential for several reasons: 1. Understanding Properties: It helps in understanding the unique properties of nanomaterials which often differ from their bulk counterparts. 2. Quality Control: Ensures the consistency and quality of nanomaterials produced for industrial applications. 3. Safety and Regulation: Assists in assessing the safety and environmental impact of nanomaterials. 4. Fundamental Research: Aids in the fundamental understanding of how materials behave at the nanoscale.