Several factors can lead to reduced performance in nanotechnology:
1. Material Degradation: Over time, nanoscale materials might degrade due to oxidation, thermal effects, or chemical reactions. For example, carbon nanotubes can lose their exceptional mechanical properties when exposed to oxygen and high temperatures.
2. Surface Contamination: Nanoscale materials have a high surface-to-volume ratio, making them susceptible to contamination. Even minor impurities can significantly impact performance.
3. Aggregation: Nanoparticles tend to aggregate due to van der Waals forces, and this can lead to reduced surface area, affecting their reactivity and other properties.
4. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, materials exhibit quantum effects that can be both beneficial and detrimental. Unwanted quantum behaviors can lead to reduced performance in electronic and optical applications.
