Universal standards are essential for several reasons: 1. Safety and Health: Proper standards help minimize potential health risks associated with nanoparticles and nanomaterials. 2. Interoperability: Standards ensure that nanotechnological products are compatible with each other, which is vital for integration into larger systems. 3. Quality Control: They provide a benchmark for quality, ensuring that products meet specific criteria. 4. Regulation and Compliance: Standards aid in regulatory processes by offering clear guidelines for compliance.