Several factors contribute to the enhanced reactivity of nanoparticles:
Surface Atoms: At the nanoscale, a significant fraction of atoms reside on the surface, where they are less tightly bound compared to those in the interior. This makes them more chemically active. Quantum Effects:Quantum mechanics comes into play at the nanoscale, affecting the electronic states of nanoparticles. These quantum effects can enhance reactivity by altering electronic properties. Defects and Edges: Nanoparticles often have a high density of defects and edge sites, which are usually more reactive than the smooth surfaces of bulk materials.
