Nanomaterials possess unique electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are not found in bulk materials. These properties include a high surface area-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effects, and tunable bandgaps. For instance, quantum dots can be engineered to absorb different wavelengths of light, which enhances the solar spectrum absorption. Nanowires provide excellent pathways for electron transport, reducing recombination losses. Additionally, plasmonic nanoparticles can concentrate light into tiny volumes, increasing the amount of light absorbed by the solar cell.
