Not all nanomaterials are carcinogenic. However, some have raised concerns based on their chemical composition and structural properties. Examples include:
Carbon nanotubes: Some studies suggest that long, thin carbon nanotubes can behave like asbestos fibers, potentially causing lung cancer. Metal nanoparticles: Certain metals like cadmium and nickel are known carcinogens at the bulk level, and their nanoscale forms may have similar effects. Quantum dots: These semiconductor nanoparticles often contain heavy metals like cadmium, which can be toxic and carcinogenic.
