Nanotechnology can target a wide range of environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens. Heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic can be effectively removed from water using nanomaterials such as nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Organic pollutants like pesticides and pharmaceuticals can be degraded using photocatalytic nanoparticles like titanium dioxide (TiO2). Additionally, antimicrobial nanoparticles can be used to neutralize harmful pathogens in water and air.
