mathematical equations

What is the Role of Electromagnetic Equations?

The behavior of electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale is governed by Maxwell's equations:
\[ \nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0} \]
\[ \nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0 \]
\[ \nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t} \]
\[ \nabla \times \mathbf{B} = \mu_0 \mathbf{J} + \mu_0 \epsilon_0 \frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t} \]
These equations are essential for designing nanoscale photonic devices and understanding the optical properties of nanomaterials.

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