cellular damage

What Types of Cellular Damage Can Nanoparticles Cause?

The interaction of nanoparticles with cells can lead to various types of cellular damage, including:
Oxidative stress: Nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.
Inflammation: The immune response to nanoparticles can cause inflammation, which may lead to tissue damage.
Genotoxicity: Some nanoparticles can cause DNA damage or mutations, potentially leading to cancer.
Apoptosis: Nanoparticles can induce programmed cell death or apoptosis, affecting cellular viability.

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