What Techniques are Used to Study Surface Science in Nanotechnology?
Several advanced techniques are employed to study surface phenomena in nanotechnology:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM allows for imaging and measuring forces at the nanoscale, providing insights into surface topography and mechanical properties. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM provides atomic-level resolution of surface structures and electronic states. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS is used to analyze the elemental composition and chemical states of surfaces. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR): SPR measures changes in refractive index near the surface, useful for studying molecular interactions.
