crystal systems

What Techniques Are Used to Study Crystal Systems in Nanotechnology?

Several advanced techniques are employed to study and characterize crystal systems at the nanoscale:
X-ray diffraction (XRD): A powerful technique to determine the crystal structure and lattice parameters.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Provides high-resolution images of crystal structures.
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM): Allows for atomic-scale resolution of the surface structure.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM): Measures surface topography and mechanical properties at the nanoscale.

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