What Techniques are Used to Measure Material Resistance at the Nanoscale?
Several advanced techniques are employed to measure material resistance at the nanoscale, including:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): This technique can measure surface roughness and mechanical properties at the nanoscale. Nanoindentation: This method involves indenting a material with a sharp tip to measure hardness and elastic modulus. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM allows for the visualization of atomic structures, which can be correlated with mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM provides high-resolution imaging to study surface features and defects.
