What Techniques are Used to Achieve Extreme Precision?
Several techniques are used to attain extreme precision in nanotechnology:
1. [Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)](): AFM provides high-resolution imaging and manipulation capabilities at the atomic level. It uses a sharp tip to scan the surface of a sample, providing detailed topographical maps.
2. [Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)](): STM utilizes the concept of quantum tunneling to achieve atomic-level resolution. It can manipulate individual atoms by applying voltage pulses.
3. [Electron Beam Lithography (EBL)](): EBL uses focused electron beams to pattern nanoscale features on a substrate. It is widely used for fabricating intricate nanostructures.
4. [Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)](): MBE allows for the precise deposition of atomic layers, enabling the creation of high-purity, well-defined nanostructures.
5. [Focused Ion Beam (FIB)](): FIB technology enables the precise milling and deposition of materials at the nanoscale, making it useful for both imaging and fabrication.
