Several techniques are employed to manipulate surface properties at the nanoscale, including:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A method to produce high-quality, high-performance coatings. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): Used for thin film coatings with superior hardness and wear resistance. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): Provides precise control over film thickness and composition. Electroplating: A process that uses electrical current to reduce dissolved metal cations, forming a coherent metal coating. Plasma Treatment: Used to modify surface properties without affecting the bulk material.
