Several techniques are employed to render nanoscale structures: 1. Ray Tracing: A technique that simulates the way light interacts with objects to create photorealistic images. 2. Molecular Dynamics Simulations: These simulations calculate the motions of atoms and molecules, providing dynamic visualizations of nanostructures. 3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA): Used to predict how nanostructures respond to environmental factors like stress and heat. 4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Images from these techniques can be rendered to provide detailed visualizations of nanostructures.