real time characterization

What Techniques are Used for Real-Time Characterization?

Several techniques are employed for real-time characterization, each with its own set of advantages and limitations:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Provides high-resolution images and can measure forces at the nanoscale.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Offers detailed surface images and can be used to monitor dynamic processes.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Allows for real-time imaging of the internal structure of nanomaterials.
Raman Spectroscopy: Used for molecular characterization and can provide information on chemical composition in real-time.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Helps in determining the crystalline structure of nanomaterials as they form.

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