Several techniques are employed for physical control in nanotechnology, including:
Lithography: Techniques like electron-beam lithography allow for the precise patterning of nanostructures. Self-assembly: This process uses the inherent properties of materials to form ordered structures without direct human intervention. Optical Tweezers: This method uses laser beams to manipulate nanoparticles with high precision. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM can manipulate individual atoms and molecules on surfaces. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): This technique is used to produce high-quality, high-performance solid materials. It is often used in the semiconductor industry to deposit thin films.
