Several techniques are utilized for fabricating nanomaterials and nanodevices:
Lithography: Methods such as photolithography and electron-beam lithography are used to pattern nanoscale features on substrates. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A process for depositing thin films from a gas phase to a solid phase on a substrate. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): A technique for growing thin films one atomic layer at a time. Self-Assembly: The spontaneous organization of molecules into structured arrangements.
