Several advanced techniques are employed for surface structuring in nanotechnology:
1. Lithography: This includes photolithography, electron beam lithography, and nanoimprint lithography. These methods use light or electron beams to create patterns on substrates. 2. Self-Assembly: Molecules or nanoparticles can spontaneously form ordered structures through self-assembly. This method is often used to create nanopatterns on surfaces. 3. Etching: Techniques like reactive ion etching and chemical etching are used to remove material and create structured surfaces. 4. Deposition Techniques: Methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) are used to add thin films to surfaces, which can then be structured.
