There are several methods for surface activation, including:
1. Plasma Treatment: Exposing the material's surface to a plasma field to introduce reactive species. 2. Chemical Etching: Using acids or bases to remove surface layers and expose fresh, reactive surfaces. 3. UV/Ozone Treatment: Using ultraviolet light and ozone to oxidize and clean the surface. 4. Electrochemical Methods: Applying electrical currents to modify surface properties through oxidation or reduction reactions. 5. Physical Methods: Techniques like sandblasting or laser ablation to physically alter the surface.
