Nanoscale systems are complex due to several factors:
Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanical effects become significant. Electrons exhibit wave-particle duality, and phenomena such as quantum tunneling and quantum entanglement can influence the behavior of materials. Surface Area to Volume Ratio: Nanomaterials have a very high surface area to volume ratio, which affects their chemical reactivity, strength, and electrical properties. This ratio makes them excellent candidates for catalysis and other surface-dependent processes. Self-Assembly: Nanoparticles and molecules can spontaneously organize into well-defined structures through a process known as self-assembly. Understanding and controlling this process is crucial for creating functional nanomaterials.
