XPS can provide a wealth of information about a material's surface, including: 1. Elemental Composition: Identification and quantification of elements present on the surface. 2. Chemical States: Determination of the oxidation state and chemical environment of elements. 3. Surface Contamination: Detection of contaminants and their sources. 4. Layer Thickness: Estimation of the thickness of thin films and coatings. 5. Electronic Structure: Insights into the electronic states and band structure of materials.
