Several factors can influence the surface charge of nanoparticles:
pH: The pH of the surrounding medium can alter the ionization state of surface groups, thereby changing the surface charge. Electrolyte Concentration: The presence of ions in the solution can shield the surface charge, affecting the zeta potential. Surface Modifications: Chemical modifications or the adsorption of molecules onto the surface can introduce new charged groups or neutralize existing ones. Material Composition: Different materials have different inherent surface charges based on their chemical structure and properties.
