Microstructural changes can be induced by various factors:
Thermal Processes: Heating and cooling cycles can lead to phase transformations and grain growth. Mechanical Stress: Deformation, such as stretching or compressing, can cause dislocations and other defects. Chemical Reactions: Exposure to different environments can result in oxidation, corrosion, or other chemical modifications. Radiation: High-energy particles or electromagnetic waves can alter the atomic structure.
