Several factors can cause fluorescence interference, including:
1. Quenching: This occurs when the excited state of a fluorescent molecule is deactivated before it can emit light. Causes include the presence of quenching agents or close proximity to metal nanoparticles.
2. Scattering: Nanoparticles can scatter excitation light, leading to background noise and reduced signal clarity.
3. Auto-fluorescence: Biological samples and some materials naturally emit light, which can interfere with the signal from fluorescent nanomaterials.
