The primary types of carbon-based nanomaterials include:
1. Fullerenes: Spherical molecules composed entirely of carbon, usually arranged in hexagons and pentagons. The most well-known fullerene is the C60 molecule, also known as a buckyball.
2. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Cylindrical nanostructures with exceptional strength and electrical conductivity. CNTs can be single-walled (SWCNTs) or multi-walled (MWCNTs).
3. Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. It exhibits extraordinary electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
4. Carbon Quantum Dots: Nanoscale (bioimaging and sensing applications.
