One of the primary concerns is the toxicity of nanomaterials. Due to their small size, nanoparticles can easily penetrate biological membranes and interact with cellular components. This can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and even cell death. The toxicity can vary depending on the size, shape, surface chemistry, and composition of the nanoparticles. Rigorous testing and regulation are essential to ensure that nanomaterials used in consumer products and medical applications are safe.
