Nanomaterials can disrupt ecosystems through various mechanisms, including:
Bioaccumulation: The buildup of nanoparticles in organisms can lead to toxic effects, affecting growth, reproduction, and survival. Oxidative Stress: Nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cellular damage in plants and animals. Surface Chemistry: The unique surface properties of nanomaterials can interact with biological membranes, potentially causing toxicity.
