Despite its advantages, ITO faces several challenges:
1. Cost: Indium is a relatively rare and expensive element, raising the overall cost of ITO-based products. 2. Mechanical Properties: ITO films can be brittle, limiting their flexibility and making them prone to cracking under mechanical stress. 3. Alternatives: Researchers are actively exploring alternatives to ITO, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, which may offer similar or superior properties at a lower cost.
