Several techniques are used to manufacture CIGS thin films, including:
Co-evaporation: This process involves the simultaneous evaporation of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium onto a substrate. Sputtering: Here, a target material is bombarded with high-energy particles, causing atoms to be ejected and deposited on a substrate. Solution-based methods: These include techniques like spin coating and printing, where CIGS nanoparticles are dispersed in a solution and deposited onto a substrate.
