1. In vitro Testing: This involves studying the effects of nanomaterials on cultured cells. It helps in understanding cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity.
2. In vivo Testing: Animal models are used to study the systemic effects of nanomaterials, including their distribution, metabolism, and excretion. This helps in evaluating the overall safety profile.
3. Computational Modelling: Predictive models and simulations can provide insights into the behavior of nanomaterials in biological systems. This approach is useful for preliminary risk assessments.
4. Environmental Impact Assessment: This involves studying the behavior of nanomaterials in different environmental compartments such as air, water, and soil. It helps in understanding ecological risks and the potential for bioaccumulation.
