Several key concepts are essential to nanophysics:
Quantum Mechanics: At the nanoscale, quantum effects become significant. Electrons and other particles exhibit wave-like behavior, leading to phenomena such as quantized energy levels and tunneling. Surface Area to Volume Ratio: Nanomaterials have a high surface area to volume ratio, which impacts their physical and chemical properties, such as reactivity and strength. Electron Mobility: The mobility of electrons can change significantly at the nanoscale, affecting the electrical conductivity of materials. Nanostructures: Structures such as quantum dots, nanowires, and nanotubes exhibit unique electrical, optical, and mechanical properties.
