Investment in nanotechnology R&D can be directed towards several key areas:
1. Materials Science: Developing new nanomaterials with unique properties for use in various applications. 2. Nanoelectronics: Creating more efficient and smaller electronic components. 3. Nanomedicine: Advancing targeted drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools. 4. Energy Applications: Enhancing the efficiency of solar cells and developing new energy storage solutions. 5. Environmental Applications: Developing nanomaterials for water purification and pollution control.